No scientific debate has been conducted in public with as much fervor in recent years as the dispute over free will. The traditional concept of free will, which also underlies German criminal law and its notion of guilt, assumes that individuals can decide and act beyond all psychological and neurobiological determinants. Such a conception of free will is neither conceptually-philosophically nor empirically acceptable. In this book, Gerhard Roth and Michael Pauen jointly develop a new concept of free will. The foundation is an enlightened naturalism that takes pre-scientific phenomena, philosophical concepts, and scientific methods seriously. From this, a understanding of freedom emerges that emphasizes the ability to act autonomously based on e.