8 and chart their substantive investigations along three specific paths to more peaceful relations: through the pacification of patriarchal gender violence, through the improvement and expansion of democratic governance, and through a more convincing organization of the world state system. Conflict theory emphasizes the destructive-creative dual nature of conflict, clarifies fundamental concepts, and develops practically significant typologies of possible conflict transformations and nonviolent conflict interventions. The inclusion of culturally comparative studies sheds interesting light on the holistic approach to the discipline that Galtung has consistently advocated. Development theory explores forms of structural violence and develops principles for an alternative understanding of development as well as perspectives for a fairer, sustainable economy.