For many epochs, war was considered the normal state, and peace was seen as an exception. In the present, the signs have reversed. Nevertheless, the question of the conditions for lasting peace is no less complex. How can former adversaries live together without creating a new conflict? This issue examines the major peace treaties since the Early Modern period: the Peace of Westphalia, the Congress of Vienna, the Treaty of Versailles, and finally the Potsdam Agreement. The specific prerequisites for these peace agreements are analyzed to explore the conditions for a viable and sustainable peace. The numerous materials sharpen students' awareness of the challenges of the present - whether in Afghanistan, Syria, or elsewhere. Chapters on current conflicts and.