Only seemingly has everything been said about Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900). The multifaceted nature of his life and work, the dynamism and openness of his thinking have undermined any interpretation that leads to dogmatic doctrines. Nietzsche's critical philosophical power cannot be adequately understood without considering his life experiences on one hand and the forms of his philosophical writing on the other. This introduction provides a well-founded overview of Nietzsche's guiding distinctions, a guide to methodical interpretation of Nietzsche, and a new interpretation of his famous and infamous concepts of the will to power, the Übermensch, and the eternal recurrence of the same. At the same time, it opens up Nietzsche's cosmos in relation to our current orientations.