The second volume of "The History of the Saxon Franciscan Province from its Foundation to the Beginning of the 21st Century" covers the period from the Reformation to the Kulturkampf (1500-1870). The contributions address the division of the order in the 16th century and its consequences, the position of the Saxon Franciscans regarding the Reformation, and their engagement with it. The situation of the order and the monasteries during and after the Reformation, structural and economic issues, as well as opportunities arising from dissolution and subsequent or new foundations - including those of the Franciscan women's communities - are illuminated by the contributions. Additional chapters are dedicated to the development of education and science from the 17th to the 19th century in Saxony, the Saxon self-understanding, and pastoral care.