The present study aimed to create a report on the possible impacts of the leather tanning industry on the lives of workers in the tanneries in Ambur City, as well as on the environment. Accordingly, workers in the tanning industry near Thuthipet Road and Devalapuram Road in Ambur reported that they work under humid conditions, handle chemicals, and noted that the chemicals in the industry have a very strong odor that sometimes makes them feel dizzy. They often face severe joint pain in their knees, experience eye irritation, and suffer from skin rashes and discoloration. The majority of respondents (70%) indicated that their health condition is in poor to very poor shape. Furthermore, a semi-structured survey was conducted with residents at their place of residence and outside their homes (in shops, restaurants, and temples) to assess the extent of pollution caused by the leather tanning industry from the perspective of local residents. Respondents stated that the Palar River is polluted due to the inflow of large amounts of tanning waste in the form of a mixture of solid and liquid substances.