The trigger for the debate on improved working conditions in hospitals was a ruling by the European Court of Justice, which stated that on-call duty for doctors should no longer be considered rest time, but rather as working time. Due to the strained economic situation in the hospital sector, the competitiveness of hospitals is becoming increasingly important. Especially in times of crisis, hospitals rely on motivated and committed employees, who play just as significant a role as the original medical services. Kirstin von Trotha examines, based on an empirical data analysis of hospital doctors, patients, and managers from hospitals, whether and to what extent the satisfaction of doctors is influenced by various working time models and how this, in turn, affects the strategic goal of competitiveness.