According to Thomas S. Kuhn, in a scientific discipline that has reached a certain level of maturity, there is always exactly one prevailing paradigm that determines the normal scientific development. This collected volume examines whether, contrary to Kuhn, there are paradigm constellations in which multiple paradigms coexist in parallel over a long period of time, providing different, sometimes contradictory explanatory patterns for the same subject areas. To this end, the editors have invited scholars from sociology, physics, music education, education, political science, linguistics, cultural studies, and sports science to analyze the paradigm structures of their disciplines using a unified conceptual framework. It turns out that Kuhn's position is not adequate.