The contributions of this anthology illuminate the various positions on enhancement in sports, with a focus on gene doping. They present perspectives from medicine, ethics, law, sociology, philosophy, and sports science, which particularly shape the debate. They discuss opposing ethical positions (conservative vs. liberal), develop recommendations for action (prohibition vs. approval), and address the issues of prevention and detectability. The publication contributes to unraveling the discrepancies surrounding gene doping by bringing the different underlying theoretical, empirical, sociocultural, legal, ethical, and anthropological viewpoints into dialogue with and against each other.