This book presents new ways to understand India. From a critical perspective, it reflects on the following five theses regarding politics, society, and culture: There is no caste system. There is no Hinduism. India is not an example of peaceful interreligious coexistence. India is not a world power. Gandhi was neither a saint nor a racist. These theses open up the possibility of questioning conventional images of India, with the aim of approaching the phenomenon of India through altered viewpoints and new insights. This anthology is the result of a teaching research project conducted at the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg.