The volume presents questions from philosophical, historical, and subject-didactic perspectives, such as: To what extent is mathematics shaping our society? How can the increasing mathematization of modern societies be described and assessed? What influence does it have on the individual? What impact do mathematical descriptions and concepts of mathematical rationality have on our human lives? What demands for mathematical education arise from the relationship between mathematics and society? What individual perspectives on the role of mathematics in our society are helpful, and how could they be promoted in mathematics education? What influence do schools and mathematics instruction have on the societal role of mathematics? How has the relationship between mathematics and society developed historically?.