Organizational sociology is an emerging, interdisciplinary, and internationally connected subfield of sociology. Its aim and task are to describe, explain, and shape organizational structures and processes. The book addresses how and in what form this is done through a sequence of four guiding questions: (1) Why do organizations exist at all? (2) How can organizations be adequately described? (3) How can we better understand and explain internal structures and processes within organizations? (4) What are the societal consequences of organizations? As an introduction, the textbook is primarily aimed at beginners in social and economic organizational research. However, advanced readers can also benefit from the reading. It is enriched with many examples.