Many private nonprofit organizations are under more pressure than ever to use their resources efficiently and effectively. Additionally, a public representation of their performance is necessary. In this context, performance measurement is gaining importance as a reporting and management tool for private nonprofit organizations. Dorothea Greiling examines performance measurement in private nonprofit organizations from descriptive, empirical, and theoretical perspectives and provides an overview. She presents the results of two primary surveys on the state of performance measurement and the operationalization of success in publicly funded health and social care institutions. Furthermore, the author discusses the opportunities and limitations of performance measurement and offers design recommendations.