From antiquity to the artistic scribbles of the 18th century, the potential of visual works is explored in relation to theological positions. The relationship between theological and exegetical concepts and the visual arts is complex and multifaceted. In an interdisciplinary research discourse, core questions regarding transformations of knowledge and image genesis are raised, concepts of image legitimization are illuminated, and processes of image reception, knowledge transfer, and faith instruction are examined. The focus is on medieval works and theories; for example, it addresses representations of Christ or the depiction of emotions.