Early modern sources reveal a great fascination with the human face as a medium of expression and "mirror of the soul." Dutch artists such as Rembrandt, Frans Hals, and Vermeer created countless character heads, known as Tronies, which reflect this new sensitivity. Based on recent research findings, Tronies are placed in the context of the historical discourse surrounding the human face and its perception. This perspective encompasses art theory and literature, as well as personal testimonies from the Early Modern period. The more art-historical contributions in this volume address previously unexplored questions regarding the Tronie. The long-term development and transformation of the image's purpose, its reception, and individual artistic approaches are discussed anew.