Salafism and jihadism are at the center of internal security discussions in Germany. Salafist proselytization is more successful than ever before, and the jihad in Afghanistan or Syria attracts Islamists from Germany. This anthology sheds light on the currently virulent phenomena of salafism and jihadism from various perspectives. It neither aims to claim a simplistic connection between Islam and violence, religion and terror, nor to deny such a connection outright. Instead, it uses social science methods to explain whether and under what conditions such a dangerous proximity occurs, which actors seek, instrumentalize, or allow it to become a self-fulfilling prophecy. To this end, the authors develop innovative analytical concepts, including a process of co-radicalization and an attitude.