The philosopher Erich Becher attempts in this book to categorize the empirical sciences, offering a comparative anatomy of the sciences. The work is divided into two parts: In the first part, Becher first addresses existing classifications of the sciences, such as those by Plato or Francis Bacon, before delving into the essence of science itself. Following this theoretical section, which particularly deals with epistemological questions, Becher presents his own theory and classification of the empirical sciences. For him, the division of the empirical sciences into humanities and natural sciences best reflects the objects of knowledge and methods involved.