Debates about the relationship between gender and organization have seen a remarkable upswing since the 1970s, and this trend has also gained momentum in the German-speaking world in recent times. An increasing number of types of organizations—such as universities, sports clubs, and companies—as well as organizational units like human resources departments are being examined regarding the role that the gender of employees plays in the everyday life of these organizations. Furthermore, researchers are investigating the forms in which the process of creating gender differences occurs, which manifest in horizontal and vertical segregation of work and careers. Should organizations therefore be viewed as social entities structured by gender, or must they be analyzed as fundamentally gender-neutral, with this question varying depending on the situation and context? This book introduces the dynamics of these debates and highlights relevant theoretical contributions through various fields of study and topics, using commented original texts. It serves as a textbook for students from the mid-level of their studies and provides researchers with an introduction that conveys the history of the topic while also stimulating research questions.