It is not often that a single problem gives rise to an entire field of mathematics. The well-known 4-Color Problem was such a singular event: from the attempts to solve it, graph theory developed, which today is one of the essential foundations of discrete mathematics and computer science, as well as other applied sciences. This book aims to achieve two things: first, it seeks to provide all the important terms, ideas, and theorems for an introduction to graph theory at the undergraduate level, and second, it aims to convey a deeper understanding of this wonderful field by reflecting on how everything began with the 4-Color Problem and providing an outlook on the astonishing solution and the questions it raises.