Presenting the first definitive study of the subject, this Handbook of Biometric Anti-Spoofing reviews the state of the art in covert attacks against biometric systems and in deriving countermeasures to these attacks. Topics and features include a detailed introduction to the field of biometric anti-spoofing and a thorough review of the associated literature. It examines spoofing attacks against five biometric modalities: fingerprints, face, iris, speaker, and gait. The handbook discusses anti-spoofing measures for multi-modal biometric systems, reviews evaluation methodologies, international standards, and legal and ethical issues. It describes current challenges and suggests directions for future research, presenting the latest work from a global selection of experts in the field, including members of the TABULA RASA project.