Adolescents are confronted with various biological, psychological, and social changes during a life phase in which the foundations for their future paths are significantly laid. This interdisciplinary book presents the current state of research on adolescence in an understandable manner and highlights the diverse developments and changes that occur during this formative stage of life. The book is structured around five major themes, providing a comprehensive overview of important scientifically discussed aspects. It begins with an examination of the biological foundations, focusing on the genetic, hormonal, and neurophysiological changes during adolescence. The second part of the book addresses the question of the influence of social environments.