The present third volume of Ancient Battlefields is the result of an expedition I undertook with the support of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna in 1907/8 to Italy and Roman Africa. During this expedition, I was assisted by Captain Veith, the co-editor of this volume. The expedition aimed to investigate all the battlefields of antiquity in the two mentioned countries, where truly new and reliable results for ancient military history could be expected through on-site research. This limited the focus to the periods of the Punic Wars and the Second Civil War. For these times, the source reports of ancient tradition are either so well-documented or the locations so little examined by experts that it is possible to achieve significantly new and reliable insights.