The present book is the result of an expedition to explore ancient battlefields in Greece, undertaken by Mr. Janke, Colonel a.D., Mr. Goppel, Captain in the Great General Staff in Berlin, and myself in the spring of 1900. Interest in this part of history has almost exclusively been fueled by men who approached the subject from a philological-historical perspective, while it has long been largely overlooked by the military side. Philologists and historians in the field brought with them not only a lesser understanding but also a lesser need for clarification of the military events, and they also lacked the technical training necessary for map-making. Additionally, there were further obstacles in the subject itself: the great distance of the ancient cultural lands from us and their current condition.