This work by the prominent natural scientist and founder of the zoological faculty in Halle, Hermann Burmeister (1807 - 1892), is part of the results from his expedition journey through Brazil in the 19th century, published in three volumes. This volume constitutes the first part of his collected observations and focuses on the diversity of mammals in Brazil. It thus provides an overview of the local fauna. High-quality reprint of the original edition from 1854.