The work addresses the motifs of imperial period oil lamps that were produced in local workshops of the Roman provinces of Palestine, Syria, and Arabia. Like other groups of small art, the three major thematic complexes of divine and mythological representations, fauna and flora, as well as geometric elements, illustrate the extent to which this iconographic program was influenced by local ethnic and religious traditions and beliefs. Notable regional groups with different decorative elements include the Jewish lamps of Oriental design from the Beit Nattif workshop, the pagan lamps of Oriental design from the Gerasa workshop, and the pagan lamps with Greco-Roman influence from previously unknown workshops in the northern Israeli and Lebanese coastal region.