"Shake, shake, the witches have returned!", chanted the feminists of the 1970s during their demonstrations on the streets of Italy. The historical witch hunts were a major topic not only for the New Women's Movement but also for the emerging feminist research at that time. In the following decades, research on the demonology of the Early Modern Period - that significant historical era between approximately 1500 and 1700 - was advanced in a differentiated manner and expanded to include the category of "gender," as well as a diverse reference to "masculinity.".