In August 1943, when a Jewish woman in hiding was arrested by the Gestapo after being denounced by a former neighbor in Berlin, it triggered a wave of arrests. Gradually, part of a rescue network was uncovered that had provided "illegals" with false papers and food cards. Katrin Rudolph has examined the structure of this rescue network around Franz Kaufmann and Helene Jacobs. She describes four alliances of helpers that were rooted in the Confessing Church, as well as various connections to other rescuers.