Rape is a violation of a woman's dignity and sexual freedom, as someone else takes control of her body and causes her harm; and it happens every minute worldwide. The usual absence of eyewitnesses to the crime of rape makes it imperative to rely on circumstantial evidence in assessments. The purpose of this study was to examine the strength of the evidence presented to the West Shoa High Court in rape cases in the city of Ambo, Oromia, Ethiopia. The methodology used for this study was a retrospective file review - all files that showed final judgments on rape cases from July to December 2014 at the West Shoa High Court were examined. Additional data were collected through semi-structured interviews with judges and prosecutors. Conceptual framework categories were used to investigate challenges in the evidentiary strength of rape cases. The results of this work showed that the victim's testimony, eyewitness accounts, and medical reports are the types of evidence presented to the court in rape cases, with the victim's testimony being the primary source of evidence. The challenges in evaluating the evidence presented in rape cases include the lack of standard evidence and specific procedures for rape cases.