This Deuteronomy commentary uniquely combines, for the first time in the history of the interpretation of the book, diachronic analysis focused on the text's origins and synchronic analysis centered on the interpretation of the final text. The commentary demonstrates diachronically that the book is situated at the beginning of the literary history of the Torah of the Pentateuch in the 7th century BCE, and synchronically, that it serves as the keystone of the Torah of the Pentateuch. At the heart of the interpretation is the understanding of the Decalogue in Deuteronomy 5 as the Mosaic interpretation of the Sinai Decalogue in the Book of Exodus. Additional focal points include the legal and religious historical connections of the book with its ancient Near Eastern context.