Contemporary religious education aims to be a pluralistic approach in diverse life worlds. However, the paradigm of plurality is increasingly coming under strain. The more phenomena such as motivation, intelligence, inclusion, social structure, migration background, gender, and age are understood as relevant factors in religious education, the more important the concept of heterogeneity becomes, which differentiates more clearly between positively valued differences and inequalities that need to be overcome. In this sense, the author develops the foundations and concrete components of a heterogeneity-capable religious education.