The "Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research" is a comprehensive reference work published annually since 1985. It offers a collection of thorough and integrative literature reviews on a variety of topics of interest to the academic and policy communities in the field of higher education. Each chapter of the handbook provides an in-depth analysis of research findings on a selected topic, evaluates the research literature in terms of its conceptual and methodological rigor, and formulates an agenda for future research aimed at expanding knowledge on the respective topic. The handbook covers twelve general areas that encompass the essential dimensions of scholarly and policy inquiries within the international higher education community. The series is fortunate to receive annual contributions from esteemed scholars around the world.