Historical anthropology is a paradoxical term, as the study of historical change and the exploration of human nature were long considered opposites. In the post-war period, they began to converge under a new understanding of the historicity of humanity; French Annales historians and Anglo-Saxon social and cultural anthropology fostered this convergence. Today, neuroscience and sociobiology suggest a dehistoricization of anthropology. This challenge is addressed in the introduction, which argues against the nature-culture dichotomy. At the core is the question of how the historicity of humanity can be conceived philosophically, methodologically, and in terms of new research strategies.