Learning is a ubiquitous phenomenon. Not only does targeted learning for school or work influence our lives, but also incidental, everyday learning processes, such as conversations with other people. The book provides a well-founded overview of the current neuroscientific foundations of learning processes and memory performance. It also addresses the motivational and emotional foundations of learning. In addition to other forms of learning, classical and operant conditioning are explained, as well as cognitive, social-cognitive, and implicit learning. Social-cognitive learning, for example, the approaches of Bandura, observational learning, and self-efficacy, holds particular significance as it has strongly influenced educational and therapeutic practices in recent decades. The diverse practical examples from everyday life include various aspects.