About half of all patients who have suffered a stroke or a traumatic brain injury experience various types of visual disturbances. These disturbances can affect, for example, the field of vision, reading, recognizing people, objects, or letters, or spatial orientation. Often, these disturbances are not visibly apparent in the affected individuals, making them easy to overlook. However, they frequently lead to significant impairments in daily life and work, requiring intensive treatment. Despite the existence of specialized books on visual disturbances, there has yet to be an understandable guide for those affected, their relatives, and interested laypersons. This guide fills that gap. Initially, it summarizes the neuroanatomical foundations of vision in an accessible manner. Following that, it explains the most important causes, types, and symptoms of the condition.