This book is the first German-language monograph on the classical pragmatist F.C.S. Schiller, who has received little attention in the age of a renaissance of pragmatism. It attempts for the first time to interpret a thread through all facets of his work as a dual humanism: the individual between self and society, self and God, between fact and ideal, critique and reform. It becomes clear that Schiller's multifaceted thinking—logically, ethically, socially and educationally, metaphysically—cannot be confined to individual aspects. Rather, it revolves around the question of philosophy itself: the meaning of life as a whole, especially against the backdrop of the modern threat posed by nihilism and pessimism.