How do the political guidelines of the European Union influence the production of agricultural products in Brazil, a country that produces bioenergy? And can the member states of the European Union justify promoting energy production from food crops while food becomes scarce and more people suffer from hunger? In her study, Andrea Rudolf provides a comprehensive overview of the economic, ecological, and social consequences as well as the perspectives of increased biofuel cultivation in the EU and Brazil, along with its impact on bilateral relations. She highlights the risks, but also the opportunities associated with this area, and demonstrates how much our globalized world relies on a sustainable approach, both ecologically and economically.