After regaining state independence, Estonian foreign policy was shaped by two essential factors: the rapid integration into the West and the Euro-Atlantic security architecture. Therefore, the main goal of Estonia's foreign policy was full membership in both the European Union and NATO. This study focuses on another, rather neglected aspect of Estonian foreign policy after 1991: Estonian Atlanticism. The investigation is based on the thesis that Estonian foreign policy between 1991 and 2004 was characterized by a strong transatlantic orientation and examines which factors determined this foreign policy course of the country. The study concludes that a thorough explanation cannot rely solely on security policy factors.