In light of the challenge posed by the influx of hundreds of thousands of refugees from the Islamic world and the handling of current migration movements, the disrupted European self-understanding and the European identity crisis are becoming increasingly disturbing. What values, what citizen identity, what identification does Europe offer to refugees who not only have to cope with their material and human misery but also bring with them a neo-absolutist worldview shaped by pre-modern ethnic and religious influences? Bassam Tibi diagnoses the dominance of a narrative that, due to excessive cultural and value relativism, no longer distinguishes between tolerance and self-denial. He contrasts the ethically driven mindset of current German politics, presented with absolute claims, with a reflection on and commitment to the Enlightenment.