Seemingly self-evident notions of Europe and European identity have far-reaching effects on people's everyday lives and consciousness, as well as on the answers to socially and politically significant questions. For example, a country's membership in the EU may depend on its recognition of a European identity. The concept of a European self has historically been shaped particularly through distinctions from the non-European others located to the east. Therefore, this book examines narratives about the relationship between Europe and Russia, as well as Central and Eastern Europe, from a cultural-historical perspective. It analyzes various distinguishing features such as religion, culture and development, (macro)ethnos, geography, and political interest, which enable a wide range of boundary delineations of Europe in the east.