Since time immemorial, brilliant thinkers have provided guiding impulses for philosophical theology by fundamentally questioning and systematically working through the discourse on matters of faith. However, in modern times, the passionate struggle for the ever-relevant life decision has lost momentum, as the question of whether fundamental knowledge and faith can harmonize, and whether philosophical theology is at an end, has been raised loudly in many places. In the past century, a fundamental paradigm shift in the understanding of nature has occurred, which cannot remain without consequences for answering this profound question. Basic concepts of metaphysics, whether being and non-being, space and time, finitude and infinity, or ultimately spirit, are now seen in a completely unexpectedly new light, particularly due to the development of quantum physics.