"Those who smoke die, and those who don't smoke die too." Such statements are among the popular justifications used by smoking teenagers. They illustrate, on one hand, the awareness that young people have about the dangers of smoking, and on the other hand, their inability to draw consequences for their own behavior from this knowledge. This raises the question of whether prevention measures can actually influence the smoking behavior of children and adolescents. Friederike Gawlik fundamentally summarizes the current understanding of the causes, conditions, and consequences of youth smoking and examines the potential for preventive interventions with students based on a specific event at the University of Freiburg. The concept of the prevention program is presented in detail, and its effectiveness is evaluated through an empirical survey.