We live in an age of images and have a rather ambivalent relationship with them. On one hand, we believe what we see; on the other hand, due to the latest developments in image editing, manipulations are often no longer detectable. The significance of similarity in the creation and interpretation of images is a central question in image science, which interdisciplinary explores the connections between seeing and visual representation. Klaus Rehkämper examines to what extent the intuitive notion that images are represented through similarity is sustainable, reasonable, and correct, and discusses the interplay of image, similarity, and perspective. Regarding the role of perspective, the author first investigates the theory of central perspective, as it is developed in the works of Leonardo da Vinci, for example.