In present-day Hesse, a historical transit region and an area of diverse contacts, paths, and borders, a rich and exceptionally high-quality collection of around 200 medieval altarpieces has been preserved, some in their original locations. The first volume of this publication generally addresses medieval altarpieces in Hesse, connecting them with overarching questions and placing them in the German and European context. The second volume focuses on outstanding individual works and their functional and spatial contexts. Over 30 exemplary selected altarpieces and groups of altarpieces illustrate the diversity and uniqueness of the preserved collection, providing a representative cross-section that spans from 1300 to approximately 1530 and geographically from Hofgeismar in the north to Schöllenbach in southern Hesse.