For the Romanian religious philosopher Mircea Eliade, the discovery of the non-European human and his spiritual world represents the most important phenomenon of the 20th century. Specifically, the scientific exploration of exotic nature religions, as well as Hinduism and Buddhism, allows the West an unparalleled expansion of its spiritual horizons and thus a significant relativization and urgently needed correction of its own Eurocentric ways of thinking. Eliade's works on the wisdom teachings and spiritual practices of India – concerning Hinduism and Buddhism, as well as shamanism, tantrism, and yoga – deserve special attention: a pioneering achievement by Eliade in the intercultural and interreligious dialogue between the West and the East, characterized not only by interdisciplinary scholarship and philological precision but, above all, by psychological insight.