Based on the relevance theory of sociologist Alfred Schütz (1899-1959), this work develops a model for a comparative investigation of 'interpretation cultures' through critical engagement with other prevalent hermeneutic theories. This model employs a descriptive framework that allows for both diachronic and synchronic, as well as inter- and intraculture comparisons of hermeneutics from various cultural contexts. Following the methodological discussion, two extensive case studies are presented: Interpretative approaches from the tradition of Quran exegesis on one hand, and Christian biblical exegesis from the Middle Ages and early modern period on the other, are analyzed in such a way that structural comparability is achieved. The two traditions are systematically and historically analyzed for their commonalities as well as their culture- and time-specific aspects using the tools of sociological knowledge.