Benjamin Graham, the father of value investing, remains one of the most influential thinkers in the financial world. His works are considered classics of financial literature. He made groundbreaking contributions on Wall Street. His life and work have influenced many successful investors, including Warren Buffett, John Neff, and Michael F. Price. With realism, Graham recognizes that price is different from value. According to Graham, price is determined by randomness, whims, exaggerations, enthusiasm, and despair in the stock market. With rigor, the right selection, and discipline, he consistently strives to demonstrate that value depends on the ability to generate cash, as well as on the timing, duration, magnitude, and reliability of cash inflows. Even in these early writings, Graham's analysis is not based on hope.