Italy has achieved some successes in its modernization efforts, but it shows structural problems in keeping pace with a fundamentally changing global economy. Furthermore, cohesion between the North and South, between the rich and poor, and between the employed and unemployed has not been successful. Additionally, the political system faces the challenge of evolving beyond the populist phase that began in 1992. Anyone wishing to understand Italy's path under difficult circumstances must become familiar with the country and its conditions in the economy, society, politics, education, and communication system. This text provides the facts, assessments, and interpretations needed for that understanding.