Medicine challenges us to reflect because it has never been as comprehensive and powerful as it is today. It intervenes both in the individual experience of illness and in the cultural perception of health. Furthermore, due to its focus on progress, medicine is subject to constant change and bases its solutions on what is technically feasible and economically realizable. This book understands medicine as a challenge to philosophy and questions the logic of medical practice and knowledge. Using the tools of historical epistemology and medical phenomenology, the volume explores how the effectiveness of medicine has become a problem: to regain the perspective of health, it is not enough for medicine to simply improve.