Music philosophy is not yet an academic discipline. It lacks a tradition in which terms are continuously formed, debated, and changed. However, the need for a philosophical engagement with music is increasing. Introducing this "non-discipline" for the first time means two things: Which topics are relevant for a contemporary music philosophy? What factual and personnel selection can be made? The principle of this volume includes its focus on history since 1800 and the connection of philosophical considerations to musicological interests. In addition to the introductory explanation of the methodology, it contains chapters on Eduard Hanslick, Adam Smith, Arthur Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche, Theodor W. Adorno, Bob Dylan, musical time, and the concept of musical works.