Justice is a moral and political fundamental norm. At its core are questions of fair distribution. But is a fair distribution synonymous with properly understood equality? This introduction represents the view first systematized by Aristotle. Using a guide of conceptual features, institutional justice notions are conveyed alongside action- and person-centered justice ideas. Based on this foundation, the volume offers a balanced presentation and critical evaluation of the contributions from thinkers such as John Rawls, Robert Nozick, Michael Walzer, Ronald Dworkin, and Amartya Sen. In a concluding outlook, questions of global justice are addressed. Due to its accessible language, this introduction is also understandable without prior knowledge.